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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 397-404.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00207

• • 上一篇    

半固定沙丘迎风坡植被演替及土壤养分变化特征

柳超超1(), 王瑞霞2, 何文强3, 刘立超3, 杨昊天3, 王巧玲1, 田英1()   

  1. 1.宁夏农林科学院 林业与草地生态研究所,宁夏 银川 750002
    2.宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏 灵武 750400
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-07-16 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 田英
  • 作者简介:柳超超(1998—),男,宁夏银川人,实习研究员,主要从事林草资源利用研究。E-mail: 2753631692@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏重点研发计划项目(2023BEG02040);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2023BEG03062);全职引进高层次人才项目(2024BEH04146)

Vegetation succession and soil nutrient changes in windward slopes of semi fixed sand dunes

Chaochao Liu1(), Ruixia Wang2, Wenqiang He3, Lichao Liu3, Haotian Yang3, Qiaoling Wang1, Ying Tian1()   

  1. 1.Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China
    2.Ningxia Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau,Lingwu 750400,Ningxia,China
    3.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-07-16 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Ying Tian

摘要:

以黄河东岸白芨滩自然保护区半固定沙丘迎风坡为对象,选取人工建植5、10、15、20、30 a固沙植被,以天然柠条(Caragana korshinskii)林地为对照,系统研究植被与土壤养分的动态变化,揭示植被演替与土壤养分的协同机制。在植被群落建植初期柠条等灌木快速定居,灌木形态显著增长,植被建植30 a时固沙恢复接近自然演替状态,但草本多样性仍低于天然灌木林;土壤养分含量随固沙恢复年限呈现非线性变化,全磷在20 a达峰值后下降,全氮随恢复年限波动积累,全碳持续降低,盐渍化风险随年限增加显著;植被盖度与土壤养分相关,植被盖度分别与全氮含量、pH、电导率极显著正相关,与全磷含量显著正相关,与总碳含量极显著负相关;人工植被约在建植20 a后出现生态阈值,此时需通过控水、撒播草籽及根系调控策略等平衡养分积累与盐渍化风险;自然演替系统(天然柠条林地)在养分循环效率和抗逆性,如氮磷利用率和盐渍化适应等方面优于人工恢复区。

关键词: 半固定沙丘, 迎风坡, 土壤养分, 植被演替

Abstract:

This study was conducted on the windward slopes of semi-fixed dunes in the Baijitan Nature Reserve on the east bank of the Yellow River. We selected sand-fixing vegetation artificially established for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years, with a natural Caragana korshinskii shrubland as a control, to systematically investigate the dynamic changes in vegetation and soil nutrients and reveal the synergistic mechanism between vegetation succession and soil nutrients. In the early stages of establishment, shrub species such as C. korshinskii rapidly colonized, showing significant morphological growth. After 30 years of vegetation establishment, the sand-fixing restoration approached a state similar to natural succession, though herbaceous diversity remained lower than in the natural shrubland. Soil nutrient contents exhibited nonlinear changes with restoration duration: total phosphorus peaked at 20 years and then declined, total nitrogen accumulated with fluctuations over time, while total carbon decreased continuously. The risk of salinization increased significantly with restoration time. Vegetation coverage was correlated with soil nutrients to varying degrees, showing highly significant positive correlations with total nitrogen content, pH, and electrical conductivity, a significant positive correlation with total phosphorus content, and a highly significant negative correlation with total carbon content. An ecological threshold was observed approximately 20 years after establishment for the artificial vegetation. Beyond this point, strategies such as water control, grass seed broadcasting, and root regulation are necessary to balance nutrient accumulation and salinization risks. The natural succession system (natural C. korshinskii shrubland) demonstrated superior nutrient cycling efficiency and stress resistance, exemplified by higher nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency and better adaptation to salinization, compared to the artificially restored areas.

Key words: semi fixed sand dunes, windward slope, soil nutrients, vegetation succession

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